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Scientists identified biosignature gasses appropriate for extraterrestrial life on planet K2-18b. NASA's James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) detected dimethyl sulfide (DMS) on K2-18b, a chemical predominantly generated by Earth's living beings. Notably, the exoplanet is nine times the size of our planet and is located in the habitable zone of its solar system. The team uses JWST's Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) to study the atmospheres of exoplanets as they pass in front of their host stars. Astronomers believe K2-18b is a "Hycean" world, which means it has a massive liquid-water ocean and a hydrogen-rich atmosphere.
The researchers estimate concentrations of more than 10 parts per million by volume on Earth, although they are less than one part per billion. However, further study is needed to validate and expand on their findings.
NASA's Webb Telescope Discovered Possible Life Signs on Exoplanet K2-18b
According to a recent research published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, NASA's James Webb Space Telescope has detected chemical evidence of life on the distant exoplanet K2-18b. Rare on other planets or moons, these signs, which indicate the presence of dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide, may be found in marine plants and microbes on Earth.
Because K2-18b has a hydrogen-rich atmosphere and a planet-wide ocean, experts refer to it as a "hycean world." Methane and carbon dioxide were discovered in the planet's atmosphere in 2023, becoming the first carbon-based molecules discovered in an exoplanet's habitable zone. Though the levels exhibited limited statistical significance, the researchers discovered plausible DMS signs, complicating DMS diagnosis. The results highlight the possibility of life on exoplanets.
JWST Data Suggests High Sulfur Levels on Exoplanets, Life or Not
MIRI data from the JWST reveal characteristics in planetary atmospheres that suggest DMS or DMDS might help explain them. Scientists predict that atmospheric DMS and DMDS levels might be far higher than on Earth, exceeding 10 parts per million. DMS and DMDS must be distinguished using additional data. Scientists aim to look into previously unknown chemical pathways that produce DMS and DMDS from nothing.
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